海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线关系探讨          下载免费PDF全文

高月鑫  曾江宁  黄伟  陈全震  寿鹿  徐晓群 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(1):33-39

海洋生态红线制度是我国"五位一体"文明建设的具体要求。为进一步在自然科学与人文科学的联结点上探求深入开展生态红线工作的可能性,文章对比了实施多年的海洋功能区划与历史新阶段提出的海洋生态保护红线的概念和内涵,剖析了两者之间的区别与联系,指出海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线区划在法律地位和管控制度等方面具有一致性,在划分目标、空间管理及划分方法上具有差异性,海洋功能区划以"使用"为主,海洋生态红线以"保护"引领。在此基础上,建议未来海洋生态红线工作的开展可从海洋功能区划借鉴经验,建立完善的管控评估制度,确立生态保护红线的优先地位,处理好海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线区划的关系。同时,海洋生态红线区划应以维持海洋生态系统结构稳定和提高海洋生态系统服务功能为目标,将区域资源环境承载力评估作为一项参考指标,限制低承载区的开发利用,保证海洋生态环境健康可持续发展。  相似文献   

2014年秋季渤海网采浮游植物群落结构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张雪  王俊  马武  王宏  高燕  刘克奉 《海洋学报》2020,42(8):89-100

基于2014年秋季在渤海进行的水文、化学和生物方面的综合大面调查，研究了渤海网采浮游植物群落的结构特征，并结合文献资料，分析影响浮游植物群落结构形成的原因。结果显示:2014年渤海秋季共鉴定浮游植物3个门42属96种，其中以硅藻为主，为34属79种，占总物种的82%；甲藻门7属16种，占总物种的17%；金藻门1属1种。其中，角毛藻属的种类最多，共17种；其次为圆筛藻属，共13种。浮游植物总细胞丰度介于(0.71～72.15)×104 cells/m3，平均为13.88×104 cells/m3，硅藻与甲藻细胞丰度比值为2∶1，硅藻在莱州湾的细胞丰度极显著高于其他海区，甲藻在渤海中部海区的细胞丰度显著高于其他海区。浮游植物优势种主要为星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asteromphalus)、威氏圆筛藻(C. wailesii)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、梭状角藻(Ceratium fusus)和夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)。渤海秋季浮游植物群落多样性水平分布不均，局部海域由于单一优势种过量繁殖多样性降低，低值区分布于辽东湾和渤海海峡海域。与历史同期资料对比，渤海海域浮游植物群落出现明显的物种演替现象，甲藻中的角藻逐渐兴起，其在渤海中部及辽东湾的优势地位已经超过角毛藻属和圆筛藻属，渤海秋季局部海区浮游植物群落结构已经由硅藻控制转为硅藻和甲藻共同控制。  相似文献   

2014年春季渤海浮游植物群落结构   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张雪  王俊  高燕  王宏  马武  刘克奉  陈卫 《海洋科学》2020,44(6):45-55

基于2014年春季在渤海进行的水文、化学和生物方面的综合大面调查，研究了渤海浮游植物群落的结构特征，并结合文献资料，分析影响浮游植物群落结构形成的原因。结果显示：2014年渤海春季共鉴定浮游植物3门29属50种，以硅藻为主，还有少数甲藻和金藻。其中，硅藻门中圆筛藻属的种类最多，共12种，其次为角毛藻属，共5种。浮游植物总细胞丰度介于1.08×10⁴~181.09×10⁴个/m³，平均为25.47×10⁴个/m³。硅藻与甲藻细胞丰度比值为12：1，硅藻在物种数量和细胞丰度上均占有绝对优势，为渤海浮游植物的主要类群。浮游植物优势种主要为密联角毛藻（Chaetoceros densus）、斯氏几内亚藻（Guinardia striata）、具槽帕拉藻（Paralia sulcata）和夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）。渤海春季浮游植物群落多样性水平较低，且分布不均。渤海中部和渤海海峡海域由于单一优势种过量繁殖导致群落稳定性较差。与历史同期资料对比，渤海海域浮游植物群落出现明显的物种演替现象，角毛藻的优势地位显著性下降，斯氏几内亚藻首次在渤海大面调查中被记录为优势种。本研究为今后渤海环境生态系统和渔业资源变动的研究提供重要基础资料和参考依据。  相似文献   

Effect of nano-MgO on mechanical performance of cement stabilized silty clay     

Kai Yao  Dongliang An  Na Li  Chen Zhang  Aizhao Zhou 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(2):250-255

Abstract

A series of direct shear tests were performed on cement-admixed silty clay to investigate the effect of cement content and nano-magnesia (MgO) on its shear strength properties. For each normal stress, shear strength increased with cement content. However, an obvious increment in shear strength was achieved when the cement content was adjusted from 13% to 17%. Both cohesion and friction angle of cemented soil increased with cement content, and exponential function was adopted to correlate both the factors with cement content. For cement content of 10% investigated in this study, the optimum nano-MgO content was 10‰, wherein the cohesion could reach the peak value. The microstructure of the mixture revealed that the structure of the mixture was compacted for the optimum nano-MgO content. However, micro-cracks were formed when the amount of nano-MgO exceeded its optimum content.  相似文献   

Unified numerical study of shallow foundation on structured soft clay under unconsolidated and consolidated-undrained loadings     

Santosh Kumar Yadav  Guan-lin Ye  Usama Khalid 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(4):400-416

Abstract

Based on a new elasto-plastic constitutive model, this paper presents a soil–water coupled numerical prediction of the bearing capacity for shallow foundation constructed on Ballina soft clay for unconsolidated undrained (UU) and consolidated undrained (CU) conditions. This elasto-plastic constitutive Shanghai model has an advantage of describing the mechanical behaviour of over-consolidated and structured soil under different loading and drainage conditions, by using one set of material parameter. In this paper, the Shanghai model used for both UU and CU conditions has the same initial parameters obtained from laboratory test results. The loading conditions and consolidation stages vary based on construction details. The predicted bearing pressure-settlement responses for UU and CU, approves the field observation. The phenomenon of gaining the bearing capacity due to consolidation is captured and explained by the use of soil–water coupled numerical analysis with a new elasto-plastic model. The stress strain behaviour, stress paths and the decay of the structure of elements at different depths presented in this study, reveal the mechanism for the difference between UU and CU conditions to understand the foundation behaviour. Effect of the initial degree of soil structure on the bearing capacity is also addressed. Overall, this approach provides the integrated solution for the shallow foundation design problems under short and long-term loadings.  相似文献   

Dynamic characteristics of marine soft clay under variable phase difference and initial static shear stress     

Wenqian Dong  Xiuqing Hu  Hongtao Fu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(7):770-785

Abstract

Under seismic loading, the soil layer is subjected to multidirectional cyclic shear stress with different amplitudes and frequencies because of the coupling of multiple shear waves and the soil element within a slope or behind a retaining wall is subjected to initial static shear stress before subjected to cyclic loading. Due to the complexity of seismic loading propagation, a phase difference exists between the initial static shear stress and cyclic shear stress. To investigate the influence of the phase difference and initial static shear stress on cyclic shear strain, cyclic modulus, and cyclic strength, a series of laboratory tests are performed on Wenzhou marine soft clay by multi-directional simple shear system, which can simulate the actual state better by controlling the horizontal cyclic stress in the x and y directions simultaneously. As the phase difference varies from 0° to 90°, the dynamic shear modulus increases and cyclic strain accumulation decreases with an increasing number of cycles. The shear strain increases with the initial shear stress.  相似文献   

Undrained monotonic shear behavior of marine soft clay after long-term cyclic loading     

Lin Guo  Hongxu Jin  Li Shi 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(7):854-866

Abstract

In the coastal area, nearshore and offshore structures have been or will be built in marine soft clay deposits that have experienced long-term cyclic loads. Therefore, the mechanical behavior of marine clay after long-term cyclic loading needs to be investigated. In this research, a series of monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the postcyclic mechanical behavior of the marine soft clay. The postcyclic water pore pressure, shear strength and secant stiffness are discussed by comparing the results with the standard monotonic test (without cyclic loading). It is very interesting that the postcyclic behavior of marine soft clay specimen is similar to the behavior of overconsolidated specimen, that is, the specimen shows apparent overconsolidation behavior after long-term cyclic loading. Then relationship between the overconsolidation ratio and the apparent overconsolidation ratio is established on the basis of the theory of equivalent overconsolidation. Finally, a validation formula is proposed which can predict the postcyclic undrained shear strength of marine soft clay.  相似文献   

海洋沉积物黏土矿物相对含量不同计算方法对比研究     

舒雨婷  刘志杰  余佳  孔敏  田先德  刘升发 《海洋通报》2019,(5):585-590

海洋沉积物黏土矿物相对含量计算存在多种计算方法,并不统一,限制了异源黏土矿物的整合和使用。文章选取了两种较为常见的计算方法,即Biscaye和国标中规定的计算方法,分别对东印度洋109个表层样品黏土矿物的相对百分含量进行计算,分析对比了两种方法计算结果之间的差异。结果显示,两种计算方法结果存在显著正相关,都能显示黏土矿物分布的变化趋势,4种黏土矿物相关系数由高到底分别为:蒙皂石0.986、伊利石0.974、绿泥石0.924、高岭石0.923。相对于Biscaye计算方法,国标计算方法会增加伊利石和高岭石的相对百分含量而降低蒙皂石和绿泥石的相对百分含量。两种计算方法黏土矿物的含量相关性较好,可以建立起相互数学转换关系式。但在不同的海区,由于矿物成因、结晶程度以及混层矿物的出现可能会使衍射峰形态发生改变,从而相关性系数和转换关系也会相应发生改变。  相似文献   

A finite element approach for predicting the full resistance profile of a spudcan deeply penetrating in dense sand overlying clay     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

This paper presents a finite element approach to calculate the full resistance profile of a spudcan deeply penetrating in dense sand overlying clay, in which a potential for an installing spudcan to experience a sudden uncontrolled punch-through failure exists. A modified Mohr-Coulomb model characterized by incorporating a four-phase variation of the mobilized strength and dilation parameters with an equivalent accumulated plastic strain is developed and tested for the overlying dense silica sand. An extended Tresca model is used for the strain softening of the underlying clay. A series of large deformation finite-element (LDFE) analyses are carried out, varying the strength and dilation parameters as well as the spudcan geometries. A fairly good performance of the present approach is verified by validating against groups of centrifuge tests data, allowing the numerical study to be extended parametrically. The four-phase variation of the mobilized strength and dilation parameters involved in the progressive failure of the upper dense sand is parametrically studied and extended to cover the range of sand relative densities that are of practical interest. Additionally, comparisons with the typical existing LDFE analyses using both simple and sophisticated constitutive models are carried out. It shows that the present approach performs fairly well to calculate the full resistance profile of a spudcan deeply penetration in both thin and thick dense sand overlying clay, especially the peak and post-peak resistance, within around 5% of the corresponding centrifuge tests results.  相似文献   

Bound and mobile soil water isotope ratios are affected by soil texture and mineralogy,whereas extraction method influences their measurement     

Rachel E. Adams  Ayumi Hyodo  Toby SantaMaria  Cynthia L. Wright  Thomas W. Boutton  Jason B. West 《水文研究》2020,34(4):991-1003

Questions persist about interpreting isotope ratios of bound and mobile soil water pools, particularly relative to clay content and extraction conditions. Interactions between pools and resulting extracted water isotope composition are presumably related to soil texture, yet few studies have manipulated the bound pool to understand its influence on soil water processes. Using a series of drying and spiking experiments, we effectively labelled bound and mobile water pools in soils with varying clay content. Soils were first vacuum dried to remove residual water, which was then replaced with heavy isotope-enriched water prior to oven drying and spiking with heavy isotope-depleted water. Water was extracted via centrifugation or cryogenic vacuum distillation (at four temperatures) and analysed for oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios via isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Water from centrifuged samples fell along a mixing line between the two added waters but was more enriched in heavy isotopes than the depleted label, demonstrating that despite oven drying, a residual pool remains and mixes with the mobile water. Soils with higher clay + silt content appeared to have a larger bound pool. Water from vacuum distillation samples have a significant temperature effect, with high temperature extractions yielding progressively more heavy isotope-enriched values, suggesting that Rayleigh fractionation occurred at low temperatures in the vacuum line. By distinctly labelling bound and mobile soil water pools, we detected interactions between the two that were dependent on soil texture. Although neither extraction method appeared to completely extract the combined bound and mobile (total water) pool, centrifugation and high temperature cryogenic vacuum distillations were comparable for both δ²H and δ¹⁸O of soil water isotope ratios.  相似文献